Tina

toc =Overview and Instructions=

** Research basic facts about instruments of the orchestra. **

1. Names of the families 2. Names of the instruments in each family. 3. Picture of each instrument. 4. What each instrument is made of. 5. How each is played. 6. Describe what each instrument sounds like and find an audio or video clip of each. 7. At least 2 interesting facts about each instrument.

May create a web page, wiki page, knowledge map, Ebook, Powerpoint presentation, paper notebook, or complete instrument study books.


 * Use these website** **s to research each instrument.**

[|The Music Room] [|San Francisco Kids] [|NY Philharmonic Kids] [|Learn About Instrument] [|s] [|DSO Kids] [|Oregon Symphony] [|Play Music] [|BSO Kids] [|Simple English Wik] [|ipedia] [|Wikipedia] [|FlickrCC (free, legal pictures)]

**Answer the questions below for each instrument.**

**Violin**
= =
 * Picture:**

They are made out of gut,steel, or nylon.
 * What is it made of?**

They're played with a bow- a long stick that has horse hair attached to it, or sometimes they can be played by plucking or strumming the strings with the finger.
 * How is it played?**

1. The word violin comes from the Middle Latin word Vitula meaning stringed. 2. The violin is sometimes called a fiddle.
 * At least 2 interesting facts.**

The tone of a violin stands out above other instruments, making it appropriate for playing a melody line.
 * Describe its sound.**


 * Web address where it can be heard.**
 * [] **

**Viola** [] //it is made out of gut,steel,nylon.//**
 * Picture:**
 * What is it made of?

The viola is played with a bow in its right hand.
 * How is it played?**

1.The viola is found in chamber ensembles of string instruments only. 2.Compared to a violin, the viola will generally have a larger body as well as a longer string length, which is why younger kids violists or even some old tend to get smaller sized violas for easier playing.
 * At least 2 interesting facts.**

//It sounds lower then the violin, but higher then a cello.//
 * Describe its sound.**

[]
 * Web address where it can be heard.**

**Cello**

 * P****icture:**
 * //[]//

What is it made of?** The main part of the cello is made out of wood.The strings are on the neck,usually made of ivory along with the turning pegs. The end pin and fine turners are made of metal. The bass bar and sound post(inside) are made of wood.

The cello is played with a bow, or by plucking the strings. It is not played under your chin like a violin it is placed with the spike touching the floor and if you are right handed then the neck is on your right shoulder. your knees go where it curves in the middle.
 * How is it played?**

1.Its an octave lower then a viola
 * At least 2 interesting facts.**

2.The plural of cello is celli.

The sound of a cello, or any stringed instrument the bow being drawn across string or strings of the instrument. This causes the string to vibrate, causing air pressure variations which are interpreted by your ears and brain as sound.
 * Describe its sound.**

[]
 * Web address where it can be heard.**

**Bass** **[]**
 * Picture:**

They are made out of wood and steel.
 * What is it made of?**


 * How is it played?

//They are played by a bow strings.//**

1.They belong to a different families of instruments and can cover a wide range of musical roles. 2.The double bass is also called the upright bass or contrabass, is the largest and lowest pitched bowed string instruments in the modern symphony orchestra.
 * At least 2 interesting facts.**

The sound is very deep and it sounds loud.
 * Describe its sound.**

[]
 * Web address where it can be heard**

**Flute**
**Pictur****e:** [] A high pitched woodwind instruments consisting of a slender tube closed at one end with keys and finger holes on the side and an opening near the closed end across which the breath is blown.
 * What is it made of?**

It is played by holding it with your right hand and your left and press the buttons down and it makes music. 1. Flutes are the earliest known musical instruments. A number of flutes dating to about 40,000 to 35,000 years ago have been found in the Swabian Alb region of Germany.
 * How is it played?**
 * At least 2 interesting facts.**

2. These flutes demonstrate that a developed musical tradition existed from the earliest period of modern human presence in Europe.[1] It produces its sound from the flow of air across an opening.
 * Describe its sound.**

[]
 * Web address where it can be heard**

**Oboe**
**//[]//
 * Pict****ure:**

What is it made of?** It is made of African Black wood

It has a great key and two sides key. (The side keys was often doubled to facilitate use of either the right or left hand on the bottom holes) In order to produce higher pitches, the player has to over blow or increase the air stream to reach the next harmonic.
 * How is it played?**

1.The baroque oboe first appeared in the French court in the mid-17th century, where it was called hautbois, although this name was also used for its predecessor, the Shawm. 2.The spelling oboe was adopted in English ca.
 * At least 2 interesting facts.**

The oboe has a clear and penetrating voice.The voice is described in the play Angels in America as sounding like that of a duck if the duck were a songbird.
 * Describe its sound.**

[]
 * Web address where it can be heard**

**Clarinet**
**//[]//
 * Pic****ture:**

What is it made of?** Is made from wood, plastic, hard rubber, metal, resin, ivory.

The instrument uses a single reed from the cane of Arundo donax a type of grass. The ligature fasten the reed to the mouthpiece. When air is blown through the opening between the reed and the mouthpiece facing, the reed vibrates and produces the instrument's sound.
 * How is it played?**

1. The modern Clarinet developed from a Baroque instrument called the chalumeau. 2. Every clarinets covered the tone holes with felt pads.
 * At least 2 interesting facts.**

Clarinet have the largest pitch range of any common woodwind. The bottom of the clarinet's written range is defined by the key work schemes allow a low E on the common B clarinet. The
 * Describe its sound.**


 * Web address where it can be heard**
 * [] **

Bassoon
**[]
 * Picture:**

What is it made of?** Bassoons are usually made of maple wood, although some models are now made of [|ebonite] (hard, black rubber). The bassoon is the lowest and largest of the woodwinds. Its sound has a lot of variety, depending on if low, medium or high notes are used. In the very highest range, the bassoon can sound throaty and not of this world. In its mid-range, the bassoon has a large, full, mellow noise. In the lowest range, it can be extremely powerful and heavy. Similar to its cousin, the oboe, it has a double [|reed], though its reed is larger and the cane must be bound together with wire and heavy thread. 1. The modern bassoon is generally made of [|maple], with medium-hardness types such as [|sycamore maple] and [|sugar maple] preferred.
 * How is it played?**
 * At least 2 interesting facts.**

2.The walls of the bassoon are thicker at various points along the bore; here, the tone holes are drilled at an angle to the axis of the bore, which reduces the distance between the holes on the exterior. it sounds like a rich slow sound.
 * Describe its sound.**


 * Web address where it can be heard**
 * [] **

**Saxophone**

 * Picture:**


 * []

What is it made of?** Saxophones are usually made of brass.He wanted to create an instrument that would both be the loudest of the woodwinds and the most versatile of the brass, and would fill the then vacant middle ground between the two sections. played with a [|single-reed] [|mouthpiece] similar to that of the [|clarinet]
 * How is it played?**

1.The saxophone was invented by Adolphe Sax in 1841.
 * At least 2 interesting facts.**

2.The saxophone was invented by Adolphe Sax in 1841. He wanted to create an instrument that would both be the loudest of the woodwinds and the most versatile of the brass, and would fill the then vacant middle ground between the two sections.


 * Describe its sound.**


 * Web address where it can be heard**
 * [] **

**Trumpet**
[|**http://img3.musiciansfriend.com/dbase/giard/images/reports/giard_trumpet_325x391.jpg**]
 * Picture:**

A trumpet is made out of mostly brass (Zinc and Copper). The spit key pads are made out of cork, and, for some trumpets, the valve pads are made out of rubber. Others are made out of felt. The top of the valve keys are usually made out of Mother-of-Pearl, and any screws are made out of steel. The trumpet is almost always finished with a lacquer, and that may be silver, gold, or a kind of copper.
 * What is it made of?**

played by blowing air through closed lips, producing a "buzzing" sound which starts a [|standing wave] vibration in the air column inside the trumpet.
 * How is it played?**

The [|bass trumpet] is usually played by a [|trombone] player, being at the same pitch. Bass trumpet is played with a shallower trombone mouthpiece, and music for it is written in [|treble clef].


 * At least 2 interesting facts.**

1.A musician who plays the trumpet is called a //trumpet player// or //trumpeter//. 2.The predecessors to trumpets did not have valves, but modern trumpets have either three piston valves or three rotary valves. Each valve increases the length of tubing when engaged, thereby lowering the pitch.


 * Describe its sound.**

Each valve increases the length of tubing when engaged, thereby lowering the pitch.


 * Web address where it can be heard.**
 * []**

**French Horn**
[]
 * Picture:**

it is made of silver.
 * What is it made of?**

It is played left-handed. It is also the only the only brass instrument whose bell points backward.
 * How is it played?**


 * At least 2 interesting facts.**

1. A mellophone is not a marching horn. It is a trumpet pitched like a horn. A marching horn is different. It uses a horn mouthpiece and is pitched like a horn, but uses B flat horn fingerings. The fingerings are the same fingerings you would use with the trigger on the horn.

The marching french horn uses the same fingerings as a trumpet.


 * Describe its sound.**

The more common //double horn// has a fourth valve, usually operated by the thumb, which routes the air to one set of tubing tuned to F or the second set of tubing tuned to B♭. Triple horns with five valves are also made, tuned in F, B♭, and a descant E♭ or F.


 * Web address where it can be heard.**


 * []**

**Trombone**

 * Picture:**
 * []

What is it made of?** it is made of silver or gold.

sound is produced when the player’s vibrating lips (embouchure) cause the air column inside the instrument to vibrate.
 * How is it played?**

Trombones are about nine feet long when stretched out, twice as long as a B-flat trumpet or cornet.
 * At least 2 interesting facts.**

it sounds kinda very low.
 * Describe its sound.**

[]
 * Web address where it can be heard.**

**P****ic****t****u****re:** **What is it made of?**brass
 * Tuba**


 * How is it played?**by blowing air into its reed


 * At least 2 interesting facts.**it is the biggest brass instrument


 * Describe its sound.**low


 * Web address where it can be heard** . []

Snare Drum

 * Picture:**

**[]

What is it made of?**


 * How is it played?**


 * At least 2 interesting facts.**


 * Describe its sound.**


 * Web address where it can be heard.**

**Bass Drum**
http://www.peelerdrumcenter.com/IMAGES/MarchingYamahaBassFieldCorpsRed.JPG
 * Picture:**
 * What is it made of?**


 * How is it played?**


 * At least 2 interesting facts.**


 * Describe its sound.**


 * Web address where it can be heard.**

**Timpani**
**[]
 * Picture:**

What is it made of?**


 * How is it played?**


 * At least 2 interesting facts.**


 * Describe its sound.**


 * Web address where it can be heard.**

**Cymbals**
**[]
 * Picture:**

What is it made of?**


 * How is it played?**


 * At least 2 interesting facts.**


 * Describe its sound.**


 * Web address where it can be heard**